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Aetiology of vaginal discharge, urethral discharge, and genital ulcer in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-regression.
PLoS Med
May 2024
MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Article Synopsis
- This systematic review evaluated the causes of vaginal discharge, urethral discharge, and genital ulcers in sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the reliance on syndromic management due to lack of aetiologic diagnostics.
- It analyzed data from 206 reports across 32 countries, finding that candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and chlamydia were the leading causes of vaginal discharge, while gonorrhea dominated urethral infections.
- The study revealed consistent patterns in aetiological factors across regions, though HIV status and age influenced diagnosis, and noted a significant trend over time in causes, especially for genital ulcers.
Usefulness and Utility of NACO Regime in the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Pilot Study.
Indian J Dermatol
January 2017
Department of Dermatology, Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluates the effectiveness of syndromic diagnosis for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by comparing it with etiological diagnoses in a sample of 308 patients over nine months.
- Results indicated that a significant portion of cases lacked clear etiological identification, particularly in syndromes related to genital ulcers and vaginal discharge.
- The conclusion highlights that validation of syndromic diagnosis is limited, with only about one-third of cases being accurately diagnosed, especially in complex conditions like vaginal discharge where multiple causes overlap.
The Etiology of Genital Ulcer Disease and Coinfections With Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Zimbabwe: Results From the Zimbabwe STI Etiology Study.
Sex Transm Dis
January 2018
From the *Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care; †Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; ‡US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Zimbabwe and Division of Global HIV/AIDS, CDC, Atlanta, GA; §Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; ¶Zimbabwe Community Health Intervention Research (ZiCHIRe) Project, Harare, Zimbabwe; ∥Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Parramatta; **Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity & Sydney Medical School-Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ††School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; ‡‡Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO; §§Rietmeijer Consulting LLC, Denver, CO.
Background: In many countries, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are treated syndromically. Thus, patients diagnosed as having genital ulcer disease (GUD) in Zimbabwe receive a combination of antimicrobials to treat syphilis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), and genital herpes. Periodic studies are necessary to assess the current etiology of GUD and assure the appropriateness of current treatment guidelines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSexually transmitted infections case notification rates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2005-2012.
J Infect Dev Ctries
August 2016
College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health concerns around the world. This study describes the epidemiology of reported STI cases from 2005 to 2012 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: The annual registry was the main source of data as reported by healthcare providers.
Travel-related sexually transmitted infections.
Int Marit Health
October 2016
Head of Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common notifiable health problems worldwide, with particularly high rates in developing countries. Men and women with multiple sexual partners at home or a previous history of STIs are more likely to have casual sexual exposure (CSE) while travelling. Over the last several decades 5% to even 50% of short-term travellers engaged in CSE during foreign trips.
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