All living cells depend on the fine-tuning of gene expression and protein biosynthesis. Ribosomes, the molecular machines at the center of translation, have been previously considered the invariable driving force of protein production. However, recent studies indicated that the ribosomes are actively involved in the regulation of translation, influencing the control of translation initiation, the elongation speed, and the mRNA translation selectivity. This is due to the presence of subpopulations of the ribosomes, which differ in rRNAs and protein composition, their modifications and protein stoichiometry. In this publication, we focused our attention on the ribosomal heterogeneity in eukaryotes, which results from the changes in the stoichiometry of the ribosomal proteins and the existence of protein paralogs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/pb.2021_467 | DOI Listing |
Neoplasia
January 2025
Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Clinical and Translational Research Center of Excellence, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
Background: Cancer stem cells in human tumors have been defined by stem cell markers, embryonal signaling pathways and characteristic biology, ie., namely the ability to repopulate the proliferating population. However, even if these properties can be demonstrated within a tumor cell subpopulation, it does not mean that they are truly hierarchical stem cells because they could have been derived from the proliferating population in a reversible manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinics (Sao Paulo)
January 2025
Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address:
Objectives: It is estimated that up to 65 % of pwMS (people with multiple sclerosis) experience varying degrees of cognitive impairment, the most commonly affected domain being Information Processing Speed (IPS). As sleep disturbance is a predictor of detriments in IPS, the authors aimed to study the association between the severity of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) symptoms with IPS in pwMS.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the authors enrolled people with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS referred to the comprehensive MS center of Kashani Hospital in Isfahan, Iran.
Annu Rev Neurosci
January 2025
1Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; email:
Locomotion, like all behaviors, possesses an inherent flexibility that allows for the scaling of movement kinematic features, such as speed and vigor, in response to an ever-changing external world and internal drives. This flexibility is embedded in the organization of the spinal locomotor circuits, which encode and decode commands from the brainstem and proprioceptive feedback. This review highlights our current understanding of the modular organization of these locomotor circuits and how this modularity endows them with intrinsic mechanisms to adjust speed and vigor, thereby contributing to the flexibility of locomotor movements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFShock
January 2025
The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Department of Surgery and Center for Injury Science, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Birmingham, AL.
Introduction: Trauma and hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) are associated with multiple organ injury. Antithrombin (AT) has anti-inflammatory and organ protective activity through its interaction with endothelial heparan sulfate containing a 3-O-sulfate modification. Our objective was to examine the effects of T/HS on 3-O-sulfated (3-OS) heparan sulfate expression and determine whether AT-heparan sulfate interactions are necessary for its anti-inflammatory properties.
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