Biofilm Formation by and Its Inhibition Using Carvacrol, 2-Aminobenzemidazole, and 3-Indole Acetonitrile.

Biofilm-associated bacterial infections are problematic for physicians due to high antimicrobial resistance in biofilm-forming bacteria. species, particularly cause severe infections particularly associated with clinical implants. In this study, we have detected the biofilm formation potential of clinical isolates using phenotypic and genotypic approaches in nutrient-rich and nutrient-deficient growth conditions. The Congo red agar method determined the biofilm formation potential with limited efficacy. However, the tissue culture plate method adroitly classified the isolates as strong, moderate, weak, and non-biofilm producers with five (10%) of the isolates as strong biofilm producers. Ten biofilm-associated genes were targeted, and the gene was found to be the most prevalent (20%). Three antibiofilm compounds, carvacrol, 2-aminobenzemidazole, and 3-indole acetonitrile, were assessed against strong biofilm-producing isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of genotypic and phenotypic detection of biofilms formed by clinical isolates from this region. The use of 3-indole acetonitrile against these biofilms and toluene as a solvent is novel. The study highlights the significance of biofilm and antibiofilm potential of the studied compounds for effective treatment and control of infections.