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A novel nano-drug delivery system of glycyrrhetinic acid-mediated intracellular breakable brucine for enhanced anti-hepatitis B efficacy.

J Biomater Appl

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Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.

Glycyrrhetinic acid-mediated brucine self-assembled nanomicelles enhance the anti-hepatitis B properties of brucine by improving its water solubility, short half-life, toxicity, and side effects. Brucine (B) is an indole alkaloid extracted from the seeds of (Loganiaceae). To assess the efficacy of the Brucine-Glycyrrhetnic acid-Polyethylene glycol-3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid-Glycerin monostearate (B-GPSG) in treating hepatitis B, its potential to protect against acute liver injury caused by d-galactosamine and its anti-hepatoma activities were studied.

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J Ethnopharmacol

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Undergraduate Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Malaria eradication has been a major goal of the Indonesian government since 2020. Medicinal plants, such as Strychnos lucida R. Br.

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Introduction: Thebaine is an alkaloid in poppy seeds that is neurotoxic to animals. Data on its clinical effects and toxicokinetics in people are minimal. In 2022, poppy seeds high in thebaine entered the Australian food market, and people consuming tea made from these poppy seeds developed poisoning.

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Introduction: Poppy seed tea is used for its opioid effects and contains multiple opium alkaloids, including morphine, codeine, papaverine, and thebaine. Animal studies indicate thebaine has strychnine-like properties, but there is limited literature describing human thebaine poisoning. We describe a cluster of acute thebaine poisoning in people ingesting tea made using poppy seeds with high thebaine content that entered the Australian food supply chain.

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