Prediction of ethanol fermentation under stressed conditions using yeast morphological data.

A high sugar concentration is used as a starting condition in alcoholic fermentation by budding yeast, which shows changes in intracellular state and cell morphology under conditions of high-sugar stress. In this study, we developed artificial intelligence (AI) models to predict ethanol yields in yeast fermentation cultures under conditions of high-sugar stress using cell morphological data. Our method involves the extraction of high-dimensional morphological data from phase contrast images using image processing software, and predicting ethanol yields by supervised machine learning. The neural network algorithm produced the best performance, with a coefficient of determination (R) of 0.95, and could predict ethanol yields well even 60 min in the future. Morphological data from cells cultured in low-glucose medium could not be used for accurate prediction under conditions of high-glucose stress. Cells cultured in high-concentration glucose medium were similar in terms of morphology to cells cultured under high osmotic pressure. Feeding experiments revealed that morphological changes differed depending on the fermentation phase. By monitoring the morphology of yeast under stress, it was possible to understand the intracellular physiological conditions, suggesting that analysis of cell morphology can aid the management and stable production of desired biocommodities.