The effect of various types of COVID-19 vaccines on the retinal microvasculature.

Purpose: To detect the effect of various types of COVID-19 vaccine on macular and optic disc microvasculature.

Method: One hundred subjects receiving various types of COVID-19 vaccine (AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, Sinovac, Pfizer, and Moderna) were included in this study. A complete ophthalmic examination was done which included best-corrected visual acuity measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurement with Goldmann applanation tonometry, and fundus examination. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) was done before and 1 week after receiving the vaccine. Superficial and deep macular capillary densities were measured in the form of the whole image, fovea, parafoveal, and perifoveal capillary density. Optic disc vessel density in the form of the whole disc, inside disc, and peripapillary were also measured.

Results: The superficial macular vessel densities, (whole image, fovea, parafoveal, and perifoveal) showed statistically non-significant changes with P-values (0.269, 0.167, 0.346, and 0.476) respectively. Also, the deep macular vessel densities showed statistically non-significant changes with P-values (0.491, 0.096, 0.724, and 0.386) for the whole image, fovea, parafoveal, and perifoveal respectively. Moreover, RPC (radial peripapillary capillary) density showed no significant changes either (the whole disc, inside disc, or peripapillary) with P-values (0.807, 0.141, 0.883) respectively.

Conclusion: Various types of COVID-19 vaccines had no statistically significant effects on macular or optic disc microvasculature.