Benefit of Kidney Transplantation for Post Lung Transplantation Renal Failure.

Introduction: Nephrotoxicity is a significant side effect of thoracic transplantation. Many lung transplant patients will require subsequent renal transplantation (KAL). Recently, simultaneous lung/kidney transplants (SLuK) have become an attractive option for patients with end-stage renal disease at the time of lung transplantation. This article explores SLuK outcomes compared to conventional KAL, as well as outcomes among KAL patients against those were KAL listed but never transplanted.

Materials And Methods: The United Network for Organ Sharing/the Organ Procurement and Transportation Network database was used to identify SLuK patients (n = 74), KAL transplants (n = 456), and patients who were listed for KAL but were never transplanted (n = 626). Significance was determined by chi, Wilcoxon rank sum test, or independent t-tests. Death-censored graft survival for subgroups was estimated using Kaplan-Meier with log-rank for significance. Analyses were completed using SPSS Statistics 28.

Results: The SLuK cohort was older (P = 0.04), more likely diabetic (P < 0.001), and had shorter life expectancies (P < 0.001) than KAL patients. Of those SLuK transplants within 5 y, 84% of patients were alive 1 y post transplant and 82% were alive 3 y post-transplant (compared to 74.6% and 60.3% of overall SLuK). Patients who did undergo KAL were younger and had a lower body mass index (both P < 0.001) compared to those who did not. Those who received a kidney had increased survival times compared to WL patients (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Conventional KAL transplants are still favorable for average lung recipients. However, recent improvements have made SLuK an option for patients with renal dysfunction. Those patients who were able to receive KAL transplants were better surgical candidates than those who remained on the waitlist.