Background: Immune-based therapies are standard-of-care treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients requiring hospitalization. However, safety concerns related to the potential risk of secondary infections may limit their use.
Methods: We searched OVID Medline, Ovid EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and PROSPERO in October 2020 and updated the search in November 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Pairs of reviewers screened abstracts and full studies and extracted data in an independent manner. We used RevMan to conduct a meta-analysis using random-effects models to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI for the incidence of infection. Statistical heterogeneity was determined using the statistic. We assessed risk of bias for all studies and rated the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. We conducted a meta-regression using the R package to meta-explore whether age, sex, and invasive mechanical ventilation modified risk of infection with immune-based therapies. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021229406).
Results: This was a meta-analysis of 37 RCTs including 32 621 participants (mean age, 60 years; 64% male). The use of immune-based therapy for COVID-19 conferred mild protection for the occurrence of secondary infections (711/15 721, 4.5%, vs 616/16 900, 3.6%; RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.95; = .008; = 28%). A subgroup analysis did not identify any subgroup effect by type of immune-based therapies ( = .85). A meta-regression revealed no impact of age, sex, or mechanical ventilation on the effect of immune-based therapies on risk of infection.
Conclusions: We identified moderate-certainty evidence that the use of immune-based therapies in COVID-19 requiring hospitalization does not increase the risk of secondary infections.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac655 | DOI Listing |
Cancer Sci
January 2025
Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. While the majority of PDAC cases harbor KRAS mutations, approximately 8%-10% are KRAS wild-type (KRAS-WT). These KRAS-WT tumors often contain actionable mutations and gene fusions, making them more suitable for precision therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Heart J
January 2025
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 2199 Lishui Rd, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China.
Background And Aims: Lackluster results from recently completed gene therapy clinical trials of VEGF-A delivered by viral vectors have heightened the need to develop alternative delivery strategies. This study aims to demonstrate the pre-clinical efficacy and safety of extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with VEGF-A mRNA for the treatment of ischaemic vascular disease.
Methods: After encapsulation of full-length VEGF-A mRNA into fibroblast-derived EVs via cellular nanoporation (CNP), collected VEGF-A EVs were delivered into mouse models of ischaemic injury.
Hemasphere
January 2025
Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia.
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combining monoclonal antibodies with cytotoxic payloads are a rapidly emerging class of immune-based therapeutics with the potential to improve the treatment of cancer, including children with relapse/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). CD123, the α subunit of the interleukin-3 receptor, is overexpressed in ALL and is a potential therapeutic target. Here, we show that pivekimab sunirine (PVEK), a recently developed ADC comprising the CD123-targeting antibody, G4723A, and the cytotoxic payload, DGN549, was highly effective in vivo against a large panel of pediatric ALL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models ( = 39).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEBioMedicine
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China. Electronic address:
Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents a highly aggressive neuroendocrine tumour with a dismal prognosis. Currently, the identification of a specific tumour antigen that can facilitate immune-based therapies for SCLC remains elusive.
Methods: We employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyse cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) in SCLC cell lines and human tumour specimens.
Hepatology
January 2025
Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Preventive interventions are expected to substantially improve the prognosis of patients with primary liver cancer, predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma. HCC prevention is challenging in the face of the evolving etiological landscape, particularly the sharp increase in obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Next-generation anti-HCV and HBV drugs have substantially reduced, but not eliminated, the risk of HCC and have given way to new challenges in identifying at-risk patients.
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