High-speed trains have a large amount of ancillary equipment, which is suspended from the underside of the train by means of a suspension structure. Due to the large mass of the ancillary equipment, the suspension structure is subjected to various loads during train operation and there is a risk of fatigue failure. In this paper, the stress distribution at the suspension point and the lo-cation of the maximum stress point under load are investigated in detail based on actual test loads at the suspension point and finite element simulation analysis. In order to further investigate the fracture failure of the suspension points, experimental studies were carried out. Firstly, static strength tests were carried out to obtain the load-displacement curves of the structural members and to determine the fracture strength of the structure based on the displacement sensors, and secondly, fatigue tests at different stress levels were carried out to obtain the load-life curves of the structural members and to investigate the probabilistic load-life curves at different reliability levels. The test results show that the structural component has a high fracture strength of 65kN, while the conditional fatigue strength is relatively low, corresponding to a load level of 12.5kN at a median life of 10 cycles. The above research work provides the necessary basis for the design, optimization and reliability assessment of the suspension structures of high-speed trains.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010128 | DOI Listing |
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Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Experimental Physics V, Department of Physics, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
Photosynthetic microbes have evolved and successfully adapted to the ever-changing environmental conditions in complex microhabitats throughout almost all ecosystems on Earth. In the absence of light, they can sustain their biological functionalities through aerobic respiration, and even in anoxic conditions through anaerobic metabolic activity. For a suspension of photosynthetic microbes in an anaerobic environment, individual cellular motility is directly controlled by its photosynthetic activity, i.
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Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
Objective: Addressing the disproportionate use of school detentions and suspensions among Black youth is crucial for reducing educational and health disparities across the lifespan. Yet, few studies have explored external factors beyond school or individual characteristics as potential contributors to school discipline disparities, such as state-level racial bias and neighborhood opportunity.
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