State-of-the-art chemistry-climate models (CCMs) have indicated that a future decrease in ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) combined with an increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) would increase the column ozone amount in most regions except the tropics and Antarctic. However, large Arctic ozone losses have occurred at a frequency of approximately once per decade since the 1990s (1997, 2011 and 2020), despite the ODS concentration peaking in the mid-1990s. To understand this, CCMs were used to conduct 24 experiments with ODS and GHG concentrations set based on predicted values for future years; each experiment consisted of 500-member ensembles. The 50 ensemble members with the lowest column ozone in the mid- and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere showed a clear ODS dependence associated with low temperatures and a strong westerly zonal mean zonal wind. Even with high GHG concentrations, several ensemble members showed extremely low spring column ozone in the Arctic when ODS concentration remained above the 1980-1985 level. Hence, ODS concentrations should be reduced to avoid large ozone losses in the presence of a stable Arctic polar vortex. The average of the lowest 50 members indicates that GHG increase towards the end of the twenty-first century will not cause worse Arctic ozone depletion.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27635-y | DOI Listing |
Photochem Photobiol Sci
January 2025
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Trace Gases and Remote Sensing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
For a given solar elevation, the levels of solar ultraviolet radiation at the Earth's surface are determined by the amounts of ozone, aerosols, and clouds, as well as by the reflectivity of the surface. Here, we study the evolution of these factors for three selected decades in the period 1950-2100 using results from simulations with Earth-System models (ESMs) participating in the 6 phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The simulations for the future are based on three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways: SSP1-2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
December 2024
College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518073, China; Center for Marine Development,Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China; Shenzhen International Maritime Institute, Shenzhen 518081, China. Electronic address:
Ships generate large amounts of air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO) that profoundly impacts air quality and poses serious threats to human health. It is crucial to understand the dynamics and drivers of ship-induced NO concentrations in China to support the prevention and control of fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O) pollution. This study built Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to reveal the nonlinear effects of meteorological factors and ship emissions on ship-induced NO concentrations based on the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite data, AIS based emission model and meteorological data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotochem Photobiol Sci
December 2024
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Trace Gases and Remote Sensing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
This paper investigates the evolution of changes in surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation globally, emphasizing the significant impacts of key factors influencing its variability, i.e., total column ozone, aerosols, clouds, and surface reflectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuan Jing Ke Xue
November 2024
Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
Based on Ozone (O) Monitoring Instrument satellite remoting sensing data and reanalysis meteorological data, an analysis was conducted on the spatiotemporal distribution and trends of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) in Guangdong Province from 2015 to 2020. The study also examined the changing characteristics of O generation sensitivity in relation to meteorological parameters. The results indicated that during 2015-2020, the tropospheric NO column concentration in Guangdong Province exhibited a distribution pattern with the Pearl River Delta (PRD) Region as the high-value center gradually decreasing towards the surrounding areas, with the most substantial decline observed in the Pearl River Delta.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotochem Photobiol Sci
December 2024
Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
Increasing solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can raise human exposure to UVR and adversely affect the environment. Precise measurements of ground-level solar UVR and long-term data series are crucial for evaluating time trends in UVR. This study focuses on spectrally resolved data from a UVR measuring station in Dortmund, Germany (51.
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