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Non-invasive brain stimulation over the Frontopolar Cortex promotes willingness to exert cognitive effort in a foraging-like sequential choice task.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Individuals avoid spending cognitive effort unless expected rewards offset the perceived costs. Recent work employing tasks that provide explicit information about demands and incentives, suggests causal involvement of the Frontopolar Cortex (FPC) in effort-based decision-making. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we examined whether the FPC's role in motivating effort generalizes to sequential choice problems in which task demand and reward rates vary indirectly and as a function of experience.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnsupervised domain adaptation teacher-student network for retinal vessel segmentation via full-resolution refined model.
Sci Rep
January 2025
School of Computer Science, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, 410205, China.
Retinal blood vessels are the only blood vessels in the human body that can be observed non-invasively. Changes in vessel morphology are closely associated with hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other systemic diseases, and computers can help doctors identify these changes by automatically segmenting blood vessels in fundus images. If we train a highly accurate segmentation model on one dataset (source domain) and apply it to another dataset (target domain) with a different data distribution, the segmentation accuracy will drop sharply, which is called the domain shift problem.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of a non-invasive point-of-care measurement of anemia to conventionally used HemoCue devices in Gambella refugee camp, Ethiopia, 2022.
PLoS One
January 2025
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
Annual surveys of refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia suggest that anemia is a persistent public health problem among non-pregnant women of reproductive age (NP-WRA, 15-49 years). Measurement of anemia in most refugee camp settings is conducted using an invasive HemoCue 301. We assessed the accuracy and precision of a non-invasive, pulse CO-oximeter in measuring anemia among NP-WRA in four Gambella refugee camps.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNewer Diagnostic Virological Markers for Hepatitis B Virus Infection.
Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol
December 2024
Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Unlabelled: Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major public health problem, leading to various complications such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The existing diagnostic markers for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are limited in distinguishing different CHB phases and intra-hepatic viral replication activity. In the past few years, several non-invasive potential blood markers that reflect viral intra-hepatic replicative state more accurately have been in progress and are gaining importance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlatelet Mitochondrial Function and Endogenous Coenzyme Q Levels Could Be Used as Markers of Mitochondrial Health in Infertile Men: A Pilot Study.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Fertility disorders are a worldwide problem affecting 8-12% of the population, with the male factor substantially contributing to about 40-50% of all infertility cases. Mitochondria, crucial organelles for cellular viability, play a pivotal role in the processes of spermatogenesis and significantly affect sperm quality and their fertilizing ability. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) dysfunction, reduced energy supply for sperm, reduced endogenous coenzyme Q (CoQ) levels, and oxidative stress are among the main factors that contribute to male infertility.
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