The beam propagation method (BPM) can be viewed as a chain of alternating convolutions and multiplications, as filtering operations alternately in the space and frequency domains or as multiplication operations sandwiched between linear canonical or fractional Fourier transforms. These structures provide alternative models of inhomogeneous media and potentially allow mathematical tools and algorithms associated with these transforms to be applied to the BPM. As an example, in the case where quadratic approximation is possible, it is shown that the BPM can be represented as a single LCT system, leading to significantly faster computation of the output field.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Al Azhar Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Curvature of a dielectric waveguide always leads to attenuation of the mode power as it propagates through the curved region. In single mode guides, bending loss becomes significant as the radius of curvature reduces and is strongly dependent on the confinement of the guided mode, so that weakly guiding waveguides can tolerate only large radii of curvature. In this paper we verify our new theoretical version on power loss prediction of S-bend optical waveguides by using analytical theory based on integration of absorption coefficient and compare it to the experimental measurement of such waveguide bends.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
December 2024
Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
The peculiarities of the crystal formation from supersaturated aqueous solutions of CuSO on polymer substrates were studied using X-ray diffractometry. During the crystal formation, the test solutions were irradiated with one or two counter-propagating ultrasonic beams. Test solutions were prepared using natural deionized water with a deuterium content of 157 ± 1 ppm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicromachines (Basel)
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
This paper reviews the field of cascaded metasurfaces, which are advanced optical devices formed by stacking or serially arranging multiple metasurface layers. These structures leverage near-field and far-field electromagnetic (EM) coupling mechanisms to enhance functionalities beyond single-layer metasurfaces. This review comprehensively discusses the physical principles, design methodologies, and applications of cascaded metasurfaces, focusing on both static and dynamic configurations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
We report a nonlinear terahertz (THz) detection device based on a metallic bull's-eye plasmonic antenna. The antenna, fabricated with femtosecond laser direct writing and deposited on a nonlinear gallium phosphide (GaP) crystal, focuses incoming THz waveforms within the sub-wavelength bull's eye region to locally enhance the THz field. Additionally, the plasmonic structure minimizes diffraction effects allowing a relatively long interaction length between the transmitted THz field and the co-propagating near-infrared gating pulse used in an electro-optic sampling configuration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
December 2024
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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