Single-center outcomes after surgical creation of aortopulmonary window in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries.

Background: The aim of this study is to present our experience regarding the creation of an aortopulmonary window as the initial palliative procedure.

Methods: Between February 2016 and February 2021, a total of eight patients (3 males, 5 females; median age: 2 months; range, 0.7 to 6 months) who underwent aortopulmonary window creation were retrospectively analyzed. Data collection was performed by review from our institution.

Results: There was no occurrence of early or late mortality in any patient. The median postoperative duration of mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay were five and eight days, respectively. No postoperative reperfusion injury or severe pulmonary overcirculation was observed in any of the patients. Four patients achieved complete repair with unifocalization of the major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, one patient had a second procedure, and the remaining three patients waited for complete repair. The median right ventricle-toaortic pressure ratio after complete repair was 0.6 (range, 0.4 to 0.7). The median follow-up after complete repair was 1.4 (range, 0.9 to 2.8) years, and the median follow-up period for all survivors was 2.7 (range, 0.9-5.8) years.

Conclusion: Our study results suggest that aortopulmonary window operation can be safely performed in selected patients with good early and mid-term outcomes. Although the central pulmonary arteries are very small, half of the patients underwent complete repair and achieved acceptable right ventricle-to-aortic pressure ratios. Patient selection criteria and early postoperative interventions are of utmost importance to prevent postoperative pulmonary overcirculation.