A case of descending necrotizing mediastinitis complicated by internal jugular thrombosis in a setting of MRSA bacteremia.

Background: Acute Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis is a rare but serious illness that carries a high mortality rate. It is not commonly part of the Emergency Physician's differential diagnoses for the chief complaint of chest pain when there has been no recent instrumentation to the area. Because the disease is so uncommon, there is a relative paucity of reports of the illness.

Case Report: We report the case of a 58-year-old male with a past medical history of HIV and history of intravenous drug use (IVDU) who presented to the Emergency Department with anterior chest pain for several days in addition to 3 days of fever and chills. The patient's presentation raised concern for intrathoracic infection and the diagnosis of Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis complicated by internal jugular thrombosis was confirmed by contrast enhanced computed tomography and sonography.