A clinical case of Black Water Fever following Plasmodium falciparum infection is reported. The patient had no previous history of malaria and had not taken anti-malarials as prophylasis. He was free from G-6-PD deficiency and abnormal haemoglobins. He had acute intravascular haemolysis, haemoglobinurea and renal failure after the third dose of quinine infusion. His life was saved by peritoneal dialysis and Artemether injection. In in vitro test, his blood haemolysed suddenly in 36 hours when incubated with quinine (10 mg per lit) at 37 degrees C in test tube while control blood took over a week for natural slow haemolysis. Thus quinine plays an important part in the cause of Black Water Fever.
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