AI Article Synopsis

  • The Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ten valent (PCV 10) was introduced in Nigeria in 2016 to combat pneumonia in children, and its effects on hospital admissions and mortality rates was investigated.
  • A study analyzed medical data from before and after the vaccine's introduction, focusing on children aged 3-24 months with pneumonia in three hospitals across Nigeria.
  • Results showed a decrease in pneumonia cases and mortality rates post-vaccine introduction, with significant findings particularly at one hospital in Ibadan.

Article Abstract

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ten valent (PCV 10) was introduced into Nigeria in three phases. Phase 3 introduction started in August 2016. However, its impact on pneumonia admissions and mortality among vaccinated Nigerian children has not been determined. Data in the period before PCV-10 introduction (3 August 2013-2 August 2016), and after (3 August 2017-2 August 2020) were retrospectively extracted from the medical charts of eligible patients aged 3-24 months with hospitalized radiological pneumonia at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan; National Hospital (NH), Abuja; and Federal Teaching Hospital (FTH), Gombe, allowing for an intervening period of 1 year. Proportions of the patients with hospitalized pneumonia and case fatality rates were determined during both periods. The results were compared using z-test, multiple logistic regression analysis and  < .05 was considered significant. Adjusted pneumonia hospitalization rates between the two periods increased at the NH Abuja (10.7% vs 14.6%); decreased at the UCH, Ibadan (8.7% vs 6.9%); and decreased at the FTH, Gombe (28.5% vs 18.9%). Case fatality rates decreased across all the sites during the post-PCV introduction period: NH Abuja, from 6.6% to 4.4% ( = .106); FTH, Gombe, 11.7% to 7.7% ( = .477); and UCH, Ibadan, 2.0% to 0% ( = .045); but only significant at Ibadan. Overall, proportion of hospitalized pneumonia cases decreased after 3 years of PCV 10 introduction into the National Immunization Programme in Nigeria. The case fatality rate during post-PCV 10 introduction decreased at all the three sites, but this difference was significant at the UCH, Ibadan.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9980440PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2022.2162289DOI Listing

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