A comparison of risk factors for relapse in opiate-related and stimulant-related substance use disorders: A cross-sectional multicenter study.

Introduction: Recognizing the specific factors in relapse disorders related to each substance can help improve treatment methods and adopt more effective preventive strategies. This study aimed to compare the situational factors associated with relapse in opiate-related disorders with stimulant-related disorders (SRDs) of those referred to substance misuse treatment centers.

Design: This study was a cross-section type.

Methods: The study participants were 150 clients with SRDs and 150 with opiate-related disorders. Samples were selected using two stages random sampling method. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and the Inventory of Drug-Taking Situations (IDTS).

Results: The mean score of IDTS in the two groups was significantly different (X̄  = 45.93 ± 11.12 vs. X̄  = 48.34 ± 15.07; t = 3.32, p < 0.01). The mean scores of 'unpleasant emotions,' 'physical discomfort,' 'conflict with others,' and 'social pressure to use and urge/temptations' subscales were significantly higher in the stimulant group than in the opiate group (p < 0.05). However, the mean of the testing' personal control' subscale was higher in the opiate group than in the stimulant group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study reveals that despite some similarities, relapse-related situational factors in opiates and stimulants differ. Some situational factors, such as social pressure and coping with unpleasant emotions, play a more critical role in relapse to both stimulant and opiate groups.