AI Article Synopsis
- This review compiles various developmental screening tests used globally and estimates their diagnostic accuracy in identifying developmental issues among children under 13.
- Following strict methodological guidelines, the study analyzed 56 research articles to assess the effectiveness of 17 common screening tests, such as ASQ and DDST, revealing a pooled sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.76.
- The findings suggest that children's existing developmental concerns significantly affect screening accuracy, emphasizing the need for standardized validation processes to improve the effectiveness of these tests in clinical use.
Article Abstract
Objective: This review presents a list of developmental screening tests used in clinical settings worldwide and provides a broad estimate of their accuracy (PROSPERO: CRD42021236474).
Method: Following the PRISMA Diagnostic Test Accuracy (DTA) guidelines, this review involved searching PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar (for manual searching). Inclusion criteria included studies published in English through 2020 that compared the accuracy of developmental screening tests against developmental diagnostic tests among children under 13 years of age. Six researchers, in pairs, independently selected the studies and extracted the data. A hierarchical model was applied to meta-analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the tests, and meta-regression was used to identify the moderators using R 4.1.3 software.
Results: The meta-analysis included 56 studies (17 screening tests and 61 outcomes). The most frequently used screening tests were the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST), and Parent's Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 (95% CI = 0.69-0.80) and 0.76 (95% CI = 0.71-0.80), and the overall diagnostic accuracy of the total outcomes (area under the curve) was 0.80. High heterogeneity was observed between the included studies with various thresholds of the tests. Participants' developmental concerns at the baseline significantly moderated the accuracy of the screening tests, resulting in double the positive predictive value and prevalence compared to those without the concerns.
Conclusion: We recommend a standardized process of validation studies for diagnostic accuracy, to ensure the effectiveness of developmental screening tests in clinical settings.
Study Preregistration Information: Accuracy of Developmental Screening Tools among Children in Real World: a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/; CRD42021236474.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2022.12.014 | DOI Listing |
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