AI Article Synopsis
- Rembrandt's "The Night Watch," painted in 1642, is renowned and housed in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
- Recent research using X-ray powder diffraction uncovered the presence of lead(II) formate, a compound not previously found in historical oil paints, in multiple areas of the painting.
- The study involved creating model oil paint media from 17th-century recipes to explore the chemical processes, and sophisticated techniques identified new lead-based compounds, enhancing our understanding of lead reactivity in old paintings.
Article Abstract
The Night Watch, painted in 1642 and on view in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, is considered Rembrandt's most famous work. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) mapping at multiple length scales revealed the unusual presence of lead(II) formate, Pb(HCOO) , in several areas of the painting. Until now, this compound was never reported in historical oil paints. In order to get insights into this phenomenon, one possible chemical pathway was explored thanks to the preparation and micro-analysis of model oil paint media prepared by heating linseed oil and lead(II) oxide (PbO) drier as described in 17 century recipes. Synchrotron radiation based micro-XRPD (SR-μ-XRPD) and infrared microscopy were combined to identify and map at the micro-scale various neo-formed lead-based compounds in these model samples. Both lead(II) formate and lead(II) formate hydroxide Pb(HCOO)(OH) were detected and mapped, providing new clues regarding the reactivity of lead driers in oil matrices in historical paintings.
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