The content and ultrastructure of blood large granule containing lymphocytes (LGL) associated with the system of natural killer cells (NKC) were investigated in primary untreated patients with type I diabetes mellitus using light and electron microscopy. A marked decrease in the content of LGL and change in their submicroscopic structure indicating disorder of their function, were noted in the blood of patients with type I diabetes mellitus as compared to those in the blood of healthy subjects. LGL cytoplasm revealed a decrease in the number and size of specific electron dense granules (azurophil granules), their destruction and vacuolization were noted; the number of peculiar submicroscopic formations (parallel tubular structures) was on an increase. A conclusion has been made that in type I diabetes mellitus the activity of the system of natural killer cells playing an important role in nonspecific protection of the body is lowered and therefore can be regarded as a cause of more frequent development of inflammatory processes in this disease.
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