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Shiftwork and insulin resistance in professional drivers: exploring the association using non-insulin-based surrogate measures.
BMC Public Health
January 2025
Department of Public health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Background: Previous research has made use of the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index to explore the association between shiftwork (SW) and insulin resistance (IR). However, the limitations of the HOMA-IR index restrict its use. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SW and IR in professional drivers using four alternative non-insulin-based IR surrogate measures (NIRS), and to determine the predictors of elevated NIRS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFructose catabolism and its metabolic effects: Exploring host-microbiota interactions and the impact of ethnicity.
J Physiol
January 2025
Department of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Important health disparities are observed in the prevalence of obesity and associated non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among ethnic groups. Yet, the underlying factors accounting for these disparities remain poorly understood. Fructose has been widely proposed as a potential mediator of these NCDs, given that hepatic fructose catabolism can result in deleterious metabolic effects, including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMalting quality of barley is a complex characteristic, which is influenced by a combination of interacting traits that are regulated by various genetic and environmental factors. The activities of various enzymes play pivotal roles in determining the malting quality, as they drive the biochemical processes responsible for converting barley saccharides and proteins into fermentable sugars and amino acids during the malting process. In this study, 14 malting barley cultivars were used to investigate the relationship between enzyme activities and malting quality traits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntiT2DMP-Pred: Leveraging feature fusion and optimization for superior machine learning prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods
January 2025
Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Pancreatic α-amylase breaks down starch into isomaltose and maltose, which are further hydrolyzed by α-glucosidase in the intestine into monosaccharides, rapidly raising blood sugar levels and contributing to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Synthetic inhibitors of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes are used to manage T2DM but may harm organ function over time. Bioactive peptides offer a safer alternative, avoiding such adverse effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSucralose uses reward pathways to promote acute caloric intake.
Neuropeptides
January 2025
The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address:
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are used to reduce caloric intake by replacing sugar with compounds that are sweet but contain little or no calories. In this study, we investigate how non-nutritive sweetener sucralose to promote acute food intake in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Our results showed that acute exposure to NNSs sweetness induces a robust hyperphagic response in flies.
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