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Neuronal melatonin type 1 receptor overexpression promotes M2 microglia polarization in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Microglial activation occurs after brain injury from ischemia/reperfusion, leading to different responses classified as pro-inflammatory M1 or protective M2 microglia.
  • The study investigates melatonin's effects on long-term recovery and microglial polarization in mice 14 days post-brain injury, showing that melatonin improves recovery outcomes and adjusts microglial behavior.
  • Results indicate that melatonin treatment combined with overexpression of the melatonin receptor in neurons significantly reduces brain damage, enhances motor function, and promotes a shift from harmful M1 microglia to protective M2 microglia.

Article Abstract

Microglial activation is readily detected following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. Activated microglia polarize into either classic pro-inflammatory M1 or protective M2 microglia following ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. Melatonin is protective immediately after ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury. However, the ability of melatonin to affect longer-term recovery from ischemic/reperfusion-induced injury as well as its ability to modulate microglia/macrophage polarization are unknown. The goal of this study is to understand the impact of melatonin on mice 14 days after injury, as well as to understand how melatonin affects microglial polarization of neuronal MT activation following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We utilized MT-GFP transgenic mice which overexpress MT (melatonin type 1 receptor) in neurons. Melatonin-treated or vehicle treated wild type and MT-GFP mice underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion and followed for 14 days. Neuronal MT overexpression significantly reduced infarct volumes, improved motor function, and ameliorated weight loss. Additionally, melatonin treatment reduced infarct volume in MT-GFP mice as compared to untreated wild type, melatonin treated wild type, and untreated MT-GFP mice. Melatonin improved neurological function and prevented weight loss in MT-GFP mice compared with melatonin treated wild type mice. Finally, melatonin treatment in combination with MT overexpression reduced the numbers of Iba1/CD16 M1 microglia and increased the numbers of Iba1/ CD206 M2 microglia after ischemic injury. In conclusion, neuronal MT mediates melatonin-induced long-term recovery after cerebral ischemia, at least in part, by shifting microglial polarization toward the neuroprotective M2 phenotype.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9936831PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2022.137043DOI Listing

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