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Purpose: Various dosimeters have been proposed for skin dosimetry in electron radiotherapy. However, one main drawback of these skin dosimeters is their lack of flexibility, which could make accurate dose measurements challenging due to air gaps between a curved patient surface and dosimeter. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest a novel flexible skin dosimeter based on a thin-film copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cell, and to evaluate its dosimetric characteristics.
Methods: The CIGS solar cell dosimeter consisted of (a) a customized thin-film CIGS solar cell and (b) a data acquisition (DAQ) system. The CIGS solar cell with a thickness of 0.33 mm was customized to a size of 10 × 10 mm . This customized solar cell plays a role in converting therapeutic electron radiation into electrical signals. The DAQ system was composed of a voltage amplifier with a gain of 1000, a voltage input module, a DAQ chassis, and an in-house software. This system converted the electrical analog signals (from solar cell) to digital signals with a sampling rate of ≤50 kHz and then quantified/visualized the digital signals in real time. We quantified the linearity/ sampling rate effect/dose rate dependence/energy dependence/field size output factor/reproducibility/curvature/bending recoverability/angular dependence of the CIGS solar cell dosimeter in therapeutic electron beams. To evaluate clinical feasibility, we measured the skin point doses by attaching the CIGS solar cell to an anthropomorphic phantom surface (for forehead, mouth, and thorax). The CIGS-measured doses were compared with calculated doses (by treatment planning system) and measured doses (by optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter).
Results: The normalized signals of the solar cell dosimeter increased linearly as the delivered dose increased. The gradient of the linearly fitted line was 1.00 with an R-square of 0.9999. The sampling rates (2, 10, and 50 kHz) of the solar cell dosimeter showed good performance even at low doses (<50 cGy). The solar cell dosimeter exhibited dose rate independence within 1% and energy independence within 3% error margins. The signals of the solar cell dosimeter were similar (<1%) when penetrating the same side of the CIGS cell regardless of the rotation angle of the solar cell. The field size output factor measured by the solar cell dosimeter was comparable to that measured by the ion chamber. The solar cell signals were similar between the baseline (week 1) and the last time point (week 4). Our detector showed curvature independence within 1.8% (curvatures of <0.10 mm ) and bending recovery (curvature of 0.10 mm ). The differences between measured doses (CIGS solar cell dosimeter vs. optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter) were 7.1%, 9.6%, and 1.0% for forehead, mouth, and thorax, respectively.
Conclusion: We present the construction of a flexible skin dosimeter based on a CIGS solar cell. Our findings demonstrate that the CIGS solar cell has a potential to be a novel flexible skin dosimeter for electron radiotherapy. Moreover, this dosimeter is manufactured with low cost and can be easily customized to various size/shape, which represents advantages over other dosimeters.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.16191 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
December 2024
Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
In recent years, luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) have gained a renaissance as a pivotal transparent photovoltaic (PV) for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). However, most of the studies focused on light-selective LSCs, and less attention was paid to the utilization of the full solar spectrum. In this study, a lead-free microcrystal CsAgNaBiInCl (CANBIC) perovskite phosphor is demonstrated to have bifunctional effects of luminescent down-shifting (LDS) and light scattering for the fabrication of LSCs, realizing light response from ultraviolet (UV) to NIR regions by an edge-mounted Si solar cell.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
December 2024
School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved impressive efficiency, but their commercialization is limited by issues like chemical homogeneity within the perovskite films, leading to defects and phase segregation, which severely compromise the stability and performance of PSCs. This study presents a novel approach to overcoming these barriers by employing N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a multifunctional crosslinking agent within the perovskite structure. MBA enhances chemical uniformity both laterally and vertically, improves crystallinity, and boosts overall film stability by forming a robust crosslinked network that regulates nucleation and growth dynamics during the pre-seeding process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
December 2024
Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development, LR18ES32, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
The annotated and predicted genomes of five archaeal strains (AS1, AS2, AS8, AS11 and AS19), isolated from Sfax solar saltern sediments (Tunisia) and affiliated with , were performed by RAST webserver (Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology) and NCBI prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline (PGAP). The results showed the ability of strains to use a reduced semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway for glucose degradation and an Embden-Meyerhof one for gluconeogenesis. They could use glucose, fructose, glycerol, and acetate as sole source of carbon and energy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
December 2024
Center on Nanoenergy Research, Carbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development Institute, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
Nonfullerene acceptors are critical in advancing the performance of organic solar cells. However, unfavorable morphology and low photon-to-electron conversion in the acceptor range continue to limit the photocurrent generation and overall device performance. Herein, benzoic anhydride, a low-cost polar molecule with excellent synergistic properties, is introduced in combination with the traditional additive 1-chloronaphthalene to optimize the aggregation of nonfullerene acceptors.
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