The sand fly Psathyromyia shannoni is a broadly distributed species that is relevant for the transmission of pathogens such as Leishmania, Bartonella and viruses in several countries of America. This species belongs to the Shannoni complex. Yet its identification is difficult due to morphologic intraspecific polymorphisms that make it difficult to distinguish between species, and could therefore lead to misidentification and overestimation of its distribution. The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective study on the genetic diversity of Pa. shannoni based on the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit 1 gene and considering its geographic distribution to achieve a better identification and differentiation from other species of the Shannoni complex. According to the Maximum Likelihood analysis and the data on the genetic structure, we propose a modified delimitation of Pa. shannoni species by classifying it into at least three genetic lineages, based on genetic variability and distribution. However, more genetic information on the COI gene, mainly from countries where this species has been reported, is needed to strengthen this proposal.
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