The equine pinworm could become an increasingly common problem, as there are reports of failure in the control of this parasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ivermectin (IVM) and IVM combined with pyrantel pamoate (PYR). Thirteen parasitological positive equines were treated with oral IVM (200 µg/kg) and therapeutic efficacy, clinical recovery and the egg reappearance period (ERP) were evaluated. In cases for which ERP was shorter than the pre-patent period (PPP), a second treatment was performed with IVM (200 µg/kg) + PYR (6.6 mg/kg), followed by the same evaluation criteria described above. Therapeutic efficacy was 100% with IVM + PYR and 53.84% with IVM. The mean ERP was shorter than the PPP with both formulations, 77.55 days with IVM + PYR and 50 days with IVM. The presence of egg mass was always associated with a least one clinical sign. The reduction in the number of clinical signs per animal from Day 0 to Day 30 was greater in equines treated with IVM + PYR compared to those treated with IVM alone. The animals treated with IVM were 4.5-fold more likely to present clinical signs 30 days after treatment than those treated with IVM+PYR. A negative correlation was found between ERP and the number of clinical signs at 30 days in the animals treated with IVM. This clinical and parasitological evaluation demonstrated that the combination of IVM+PYR was more effective than IVM alone to control Oxyuris equi.
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