Tricarbocyanine dyes have become popular tools in life sciences and medicine. Their near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence makes them ideal agents for imaging of thick specimens or imaging, , in fluorescence-guided surgery. Among other types of cyanine dyes, -Cl tricarbocyanine dyes have received a surge of interest, as it emerged that their high reactivity makes them inherently tumor-targeting. As such, significant research efforts have focused on conjugating these to functional moieties. However, the syntheses generally suffer from low yields. Hereby, we report on the reaction of -Cl dyes with a small selection of coupling reagents to give the corresponding keto-polymethines, potentially explaining low yields and the prevalence of monofunctionalized cyanine conjugates in the current state of the art of functional near-infrared dyes. We present the synthesis and isolation of the first keto-polymethine-based conjugate and present preliminary investigation in the prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145 by confocal microscopy and discuss changes to optical properties in biological media.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9782398 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00053 | DOI Listing |
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