Hydrogen applications: advances in the field of medical therapy.

Hydrogen (H) has been widely used in the chemical industry as a reducing agent. As the researches move along, increasing attention has been paid to its biological functions. The selective antioxidant effect of hydrogen is considered to be the main reason for medical applications. So far, many studies have confirmed its potential protective effects on ischemia/reperfusion injury of multiple organs, neurodegenerative diseases, bone and joint diseases, and respiratory diseases, opening a new era in the medical research and application of H. Increasing studies have focused on its biological effects and molecular mechanisms in the treatment of different diseases. In this paper, we review the biological effects, molecular mechanisms and methods of H supply. We do hope that the advances in materials science can be better translated into medical applications and solve clinical problems. The medical application of H is promising, and how to prepare an H sustained-release system to achieve a sustained and stable H supply in the body and ultimately improve the therapeutic effect of H is a problem worthy of further investigation.