AI Article Synopsis

  • Mycotoxins significantly affect agriculture and food safety, with their properties influenced by structural similarities and differences among fungal producers.
  • Understanding the cross-biosynthesis of mycotoxins can reveal insights into enzyme functions crucial for food safety.
  • Methyltransferases and flavin-containing monooxygenases play key roles in the biosynthesis of mycotoxins, impacting their toxicity and stability through specific protein interactions and catalytic actions.

Article Abstract

Mycotoxins have substantial impacts on agricultural production and food preservation. Some have high similarities in bioactivity but subtle differences on structures from various fungal producers. Understanding of their complex cross-biosynthesis will provide new insights into enzyme functions and food safety. Here, based on structurally related mycotoxins, such as aurovertins, asteltoxin, and citreoviridin, we showed that methyltransferase (MT)-catalyzed methylation is required for efficient oxidation and polyketide stability. MTs have broad interactions with polyketide synthases and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs), while MT AstB is required for FMO AstC functionality in vivo. FMOs have common catalysis on pyrone-polyene intermediates but different catalytic specificity and efficiency on oxidative intermediates for the selective production of more toxic and complex mycotoxins. Thus, the subtle protein interaction and elaborate versatile catalysis of biosynthetic enzymes contribute to the efficient and selective biosynthesis of these structure-related mycotoxins and provide the basis to re-evaluate and control mycotoxins for agricultural and food safety.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07681DOI Listing

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