Clinically relevant biofilm models: A need to mimic and recapitulate the host environment.

Biofilm-associated infections are difficult to treat and eradicate because of their increased antimicrobial tolerance. biofilm models have enabled the high throughput testing of an array of differing novel antimicrobials and treatment strategies. However, biofilms formed in these oftentimes basic systems do not resemble biofilms seen . As a result, translatability from the lab to the clinic is poor or limited. To improve translatability, models must better recapitulate the host environment. This review describes and critically evaluates new and innovative models that better mimic the environments of a variety of clinically important, biofilm-associated infections of the skin, oropharynx, lungs, and infections related to indwelling implants and medical devices. This review highlights that many of these models represent considerable advances in the field of biofilm research and help to translate laboratory findings into the clinical practice.