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Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium: A current perspective on resilience, adaptation, and the urgent need for novel strategies.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist
January 2025
UCIBIO, Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório Associado i4HB, Instituto para a Saúde e a Bioeconomia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal. Electronic address:
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) has become a critical opportunistic pathogen, urgently requiring new antimicrobial strategies due to its rising prevalence and significant impact on patient safety and healthcare costs. VREfm continues to evolve through mutations and the acquisition of new genes via horizontal gene transfer, contributing to resistance against several last-resort antibiotics. Although primarily hospital-associated, VREfm is also detected in the community, food chain, livestock, and environmental sources like wastewater, indicating diverse transmission pathways and the need for a One Health approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of dairy calf management practices on the intestinal tract microbiome pre-weaning.
J Med Microbiol
January 2025
Animal and Agriculture Department, Hartpury University, Gloucester, GL19 3BE, UK.
Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) consisting of the rumen and hindgut (the small intestine, cecum and colon) in dairy calves play a vital role in their growth and development. This review discusses the development of dairy calf intestinal microbiomes with an emphasis on the impact that husbandry and rearing management have on microbiome development, health and growth of pre-weaned dairy calves. The diversity and composition of the microbes that colonize the lower GIT (small and large intestine) can have a significant impact on the growth and development of the calf, through influence on nutrient metabolism, immune modulation, resistance or susceptibility to infection, production outputs and behaviour modification in adult life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbapenem-resistant uses mucus metabolism to facilitate gastrointestinal colonization.
mBio
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
The emergence and global spread of carbapenem-resistant complex species present a pressing public health challenge. Carbapenem-resistant spp. cause a wide variety of infections, including septic shock fatalities in newborns and immunocompromised adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvances in gastrointestinal vascular bleeding disorders: Successful sirolimus treatment in colonic angioectasia.
World J Gastroenterol
January 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China.
Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) vascular bleeding disorders pose significant clinical challenges due to their complex pathogenesis and varied treatment responses. Despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, optimal management strategies remain elusive, necessitating further research.
Aim: To assess research trends and clinical advancements in GI vascular bleeding disorders, highlighting key themes and therapeutic progress.
Discussion on the mechanism of HER2 resistance in esophagogastric junction and gastric cancer in the era of immunotherapy.
Hum Vaccin Immunother
December 2025
Department of Oncology, Changzhi People's Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a critical biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancers, despite the initial success of HER2-targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab, resistance to these drugs has emerged as a major impediment to effective long-term treatment. This review examines the mechanisms of drug resistance in HER2-positive G/GEJ cancer, the primary mechanisms of resistance explored include alterations in the HER2 receptor itself, such as mutations and changes in expression levels, as well as downstream signaling pathways, and interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, the review discusses the Novel therapeutic approaches, including the use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and combination therapies are assessed for their potential to enhance outcomes.
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