Purpose Of Review: Populations with greater fatty fish intake have lower risk of coronary heart disease. However, trials testing omega-3 fatty acids (FA) on cardiovascular outcomes have yielded inconsistent results. In this review, we summarize the major cardiovascular trials examining omega-3 FA supplementation, and compare differences with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) alone vs. docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) combined with EPA.
Recent Findings: The JELIS and REDUCE-IT trials both demonstrated significant reduction in cardiovascular events with high dose EPA in the form of icosapent ethyl (IPE), with a similar trend seen in the RESPECT-EPA trial. In contrast, the ASCEND, VITAL, STRENGTH, and OMEMI trials examining EPA+DPA combinations failed to demonstrate benefit. Beyond the difference in omega-3 FA formulations (IPE vs. omega-3 carboxylic acid), other differences between REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH include the achieved EPA levels, differing properties that EPA and DHA have on membrane stabilization, and the comparator oils tested in the trials.
Summary: The totality of evidence suggests EPA alone, administered in a highly-purified, high-dose form, improves cardiovascular outcomes among patients with elevated triglycerides at high cardiovascular risk, but EPA and DHA together does not. Current guidelines endorse the use of IPE in statin-treated patients at high cardiovascular risk who have triglycerides >135 mg/dl.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000796 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
The Optimal Dosage and Duration of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis.
Adv Nutr
January 2025
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Heart failure is a progressive condition associated with a high mortality rate. Despite advancements in treatment, many patients continue to experience less-than-ideal outcomes. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been studied as a potential supplementary therapy for heart failure, but the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmeliorative effects of squid phospholipids from Todarodes pacificus on atopic dermatitis-like lesions in NC/Nga mice.
Arch Dermatol Res
January 2025
Faculty of Pharmacy, Iryo Sosei University, 5-5-1, Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima, 970-8551, Japan.
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema, is a chronic or relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by repeated exacerbations and remissions. Here, we investigated the effects of squid phospholipids (PLs) extracted from Todarodes pacificus on AD. The composition of squid PLs was analyzed using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and the effects of PLs on AD were investigated using a rat paw edema model and an AD-like mouse model (NC/Nga mice).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-term fasting induces a remodelling of fatty acid composition in erythrocyte membranes.
Eur J Clin Invest
January 2025
Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Überlingen, Germany.
Introduction: Long-term fasting (LF) activates an adaptative response to switch metabolic fuels from food glucose to lipids stored in adipose tissues. The increase in free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation during fasting triggers health benefits. We questioned if the changes in lipid metabolism during LF could affect lipids in cell membranes in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent Advancements and Strategies for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Production in Yeast.
J Basic Microbiol
January 2025
Xenesis, Absolute, Gurugram, India.
Recently, the biosynthesis of omega-3 fatty acids (ω3 FAs) in yeast has witnessed significant advancements. Notably, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play crucial roles in overall human growth, encompassing neurological development, cardiovascular health, and immune function. However, traditional sources of ω3 FAs face limitations such as environmental concerns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpecific activity of mouse liver desaturases and elongases: Time course effects using n-3 and n-6 PUFA substrates and inhibitory responses of delta-6 desaturase.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids
January 2025
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
The synthesis of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs) is associated with physiological functions in mammals, being catalyzed by Δ-5D and Δ-6D desaturases and elongases Elovl-2 and Elovl-5. In this context, we aimed to study the chief kinetic features of PUFA liver anabolism, looking upon (i) the time-dependency for the specific activity of Δ-6D, Δ-5D, Elovl2, Elovl2/5 and Elovl5, using n-3 and n-6 precursors between 0 and 240 min ex vivo in mouse liver.; and (ii) the specific activity-substrate (α-linolenic acid; ALA) concentration responses of Δ-6D in the absence and presence of linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an enzyme regarded as the rate-limiting step in PUFA anabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!