Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) hydrogel is a versatile biomaterial suitable, for example, for three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroid culturing, drug delivery, and wound treatment. By freeze-drying NFC hydrogel, highly porous NFC structures can be manufactured. We freeze-dried NFC hydrogel and subsequently reconstituted the samples into a variety of concentrations of NFC fibers, which resulted in different stiffness of the material, i.e., different mechanical cues. After the successful freeze-drying and reconstitution, we showed that freeze-dried NFC hydrogel can be used for one-step 3D cell spheroid culturing of primary mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, prostate cancer cells (PC3), and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). No difference was observed in the viability or morphology between the 3D cell spheroids cultured in the freeze-dried and reconstituted NFC hydrogel and fresh NFC hydrogel. Furthermore, the 3D cultured spheroids showed stable metabolic activity and nearly 100% viability. Finally, we applied a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based automatic nuclei segmentation approach to automatically segment individual cells of 3D cultured PC3 and HepG2 spheroids. These results provide an application to culture 3D cell spheroids more readily with the NFC hydrogel and a step towards automatization of 3D cell culturing and analysis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245530 | DOI Listing |
ACS Nano
December 2024
Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for Automotive Highly Functional Fiber Products, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address:
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of skin cancer, and the need for advanced platforms to study this disease and to develop new treatments is rising. 3D bioprinted tumor models are emerging as advanced tools to tackle these needs, with the design of adequate bioinks being a fundamental step to address this challenging process. Thus, this work explores the synergy between two biobased nanofibers, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and lysozyme amyloid nanofibrils (LNFs), to create pectin nanocomposite hydrogel bioinks for the 3D bioprinting of A375 melanoma cell-laden living constructs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pharm Biopharm
December 2024
Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Timegate Instruments Oy, 90590 Oulu, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Circuits and Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
Freeze-drying enables delicate, heat-sensitive biomaterials to be stored in a dry form even at room temperature. However, exposure to physicochemical stress induced by freeze-drying presents challenges for maintaining material characteristics and functionality upon reconstitution, for which reason excipients are required. Although wide variety of different excipients are available for pharmaceutical applications, their protective role in the freeze-drying is not yet fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
May 2024
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States.
This paper presents a versatile method to fabricate ultrathin nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) films as thin as 800 nm by blade coating, which is compatible with a roll-to-roll process on a large scale. Our approach allows obtaining a dried nanocellulose film within a span of 1 h subsequent to 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical-assisted oxidation and homogenization procedures. One of the thinnest freestanding NFC films with a thickness of 800 nm is achieved using a blade coating of nanocellulose after 72 h of oxidation followed by homogenization with a channel size of 65 μm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Control Release
April 2024
Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address:
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a source of growth factors, which are implicated in active tissue regeneration. However, after transplantation the efficacy of these bioactive compounds is often diminished due to rapid degradation and untargeted localization. For this reason, we evaluated the potential of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) hydrogel as a PRP carrier.
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