Genome-Wide Identification and Characterisation of Gene Family to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses of Grapevine.

Grapevine is one of the earliest domesticated fruit crops and prized for its table fruits and wine worldwide. However, the concurrence of a number of biotic/abiotic stresses affects their yield. Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) play important roles in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Despite the growing number of studies on the genomic organisation of gene family in various species, little is known about this family in grapevines ( L.). In this study, a total of 15 genes encoding proteins possessing A20/AN1 zinc-finger were identified based on the analysis of several genomic and proteomic grapevine databases. According to their structural and phylogenetics features, the identified SAPs were classified into three main groups. Results from sequence alignments, phylogenetics, genomics structure and conserved domains indicated that grapevine SAPs are highly and structurally conserved. In order to shed light on their regulatory roles in growth and development, as well as the responses to biotic/abiotic stresses in grapevine, the expression profiles of were examined in publicly available microarray data. Bioinformatics analysis revealed distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns of in various tissues, organs and developmental stages, as well as in response to biotic/abiotic stresses. This study provides insight into the evolution of genes in grapevine and may aid in efforts for further functional identification of A20/AN1-type proteins in the signalling cross-talking induced by biotic/abiotic stresses.