Genetic Polymorphism and Phylogenetics of from Sudan Based on Mitochondrial Gene Variations.

This study investigated the genetic differences between subspecies ( () and ()) from Sudan using the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 () mitochondrial gene marker. Nineteen distinct haplotypes of the were identified in female mosquitoes from the study sites. The phylogenetic relationship of the 19 haplotypes was demonstrated in a median-joining haplotype network tree with and populations found to share three haplotypes. The genetic variance (Pairwise values) was estimated and found to range from 0.000 to 0.811. Isolation by distance test revealed that geographical distance was correlated to genetic variation (coefficient value (r) = 0.43). The Polar maximum likelihood tree showed the phylogenetic relationship of 91 female and from the study sites, with most of the haplotypes clustered in one group while most of the haplotypes gathered in another group, but there was an admixture of the subspecies in both clusters, especially the cluster. The Spatial Analysis of Molecular Variance (SAMOVA) test revealed that the eight populations clustered into two phylogeographic groups/clusters of the two subspecies populations. The 2 subspecies seemed not to be totally separated geographically with gene flow among the populations.