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Monoclonal antibodies against S2 subunit of spike protein exhibit broad reactivity toward SARS-CoV-2 variants. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Researchers created monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the conserved S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to combat various variants and improve therapeutic efficacy.
  • Five of these mAbs showed strong neutralizing activity against the Gamma variant and recognized multiple other variants, indicating their broad effectiveness.
  • The findings suggest these B-S2-mAbs could be valuable for research and clinical applications, offering a promising strategy for detecting and neutralizing coronaviruses across different variants.

Article Abstract

Background: The variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) harbor diverse spike (S) protein sequences, which can greatly influence the efficacies of therapeutics. Therefore, it would be of great value to develop neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that can broadly recognize multiple variants.

Methods: Using an mRNA-LNP immunization strategy, we generated several mAbs that specifically target the conserved S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 (B-S2-mAbs). These mAbs were assessed for their neutralizing activity with pseudotyped viruses and binding ability for SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Results: Among these mAbs, five exhibited strong neutralizing ability toward the Gamma variant and also recognized viral S proteins from the Wuhan, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron (BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5) variants. Furthermore, we demonstrated the broad reactivities of these B-S2-mAbs in several different applications, including immunosorbent, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. In particular, B-S2-mAb-2 exhibited potent neutralization of Gamma variant (IC = 0.048 µg/ml) in a pseudovirus neutralization assay. The neutralizing epitope of B-S2-mAb-2 was identified by phage display as amino acid residues 1146-1152 (DSFKEEL) in the S2 subunit HR2 domain of SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion: Since there are not many mAbs that can bind the S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 variants, our set of B-S2-mAbs may provide important materials for basic research and potential clinical applications. Importantly, our study results demonstrate that the viral S2 subunit can be targeted for the production of cross-reactive antibodies, which may be used for coronavirus detection and neutralization.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9774083PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-022-00891-2DOI Listing

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