Cauliflower-like NiFe alloys anchored on a flake iron nickel carbonate hydroxide heterostructure towards superior overall water and urea electrolysis.

Exploring efficient, stable and multifunctional Earth-rich electrocatalysts is vital for hydrogen generation. Hence, an efficient heterostructure consisting of cauliflower-like NiFe alloys anchored on flake iron nickel carbonate hydroxide which is supported on carbon cloth (NiFe/NiFeCH/CC) was synthesized as a trifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen production by overall water and urea splitting. While optimizing and regulating the ratio of Ni to Fe, benefiting from the special morphology and synergistic effect between the NiFe alloy and NiFeCH, the NiFe/NiFeCH/CC heterostructure exhibits outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with a low overpotential of 190 mV at 10 mA cm after a stability test for 150 h. Notably, when the NiFe/NiFeCH/CC heterostructure is used as both the anode and cathode simultaneously, it merely requires a cell voltage of 1.49 V for the overall water splitting and 1.39 V for urea electrolysis at 10 mA cm with excellent durability. Thus, this work not just provides the application of NiFe-based catalysts in overall water splitting, but also offers a viable method for the treatment of urea-rich wastewater.