SFRP4IGFBP5 NKT cells induced neural-like cell differentiation to contribute to adenomyosis pain.

Background: Adenomyosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disease. The pathogenesis of chronic pain, the main clinical symptom of adenomyosis, remains undefined. As a combination lymphocyte with both T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell properties, NK T (NKT) cells play a role in immune defense against numerous diseases and modulate cell differentiation.

Method: This study analyzed the tissue-cell samples from adenomyosis with or without pain by single-cell sequencing.

Result: We found a specific population of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4)NKT cells and a large amount of undifferentiated multipotent stem cells in the adenomyosis pain group. We discovered that a high expression of in SFRP4NKT cells could promote the differentiation of multipotent stem cells into neural-like cells the single-cell trajectory. Through verification by the sample, we found that the degree of the expression of the neuronal marker was correlated with the duration of pain in adenomyosis patients. The expression of IGFBP5 was positively correlated with the pain scores of adenomyosis patients.

Conclusion: Collectively, these findings suggest that SFRP4IGFBP5 NKT cells were capable of converting part of the stem cells into neurogenic cells and inducing adenomyosis pain.