A significant number of proteins are annotated as functionally uncharacterized proteins. Within this protocol, we describe how to use protein family multiple sequence alignments and structural bioinformatics resources to design loss-of-function mutations of previously uncharacterized proteins within the glycosyltransferase family. We detail approaches to determine target protein active sites using three-dimensional modeling. We generate active site mutants and quantify any changes in enzymatic function by a glycosyltransferase assay. With modifications, this protocol could be applied to other metal-dependent enzymes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ilina et al. (2022)..
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101905 | DOI Listing |
NAR Genom Bioinform
March 2025
National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
Small proteins (≤100 amino acids) play important roles across all life forms, ranging from unicellular bacteria to higher organisms. In this study, we have developed SProtFP which is a machine learning-based method for functional annotation of prokaryotic small proteins into selected functional categories. SProtFP uses independent artificial neural networks (ANNs) trained using a combination of physicochemical descriptors for classifying small proteins into antitoxin type 2, bacteriocin, DNA-binding, metal-binding, ribosomal protein, RNA-binding, type 1 toxin and type 2 toxin proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnat Rec (Hoboken)
January 2025
Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA.
The pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) possesses an exocrine gland associated with its false gill slit pigmentation pattern. The cervical gill slit gland is a compound tubuloalveolar gland that produces a holocrine secretion and displays maturational changes in size and secretory histology. While the morphology of the cervical gill slit gland has been described in detail, to date, the chemical composition of its secretion remains uncharacterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Biology, College of Chemistry & Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype of lung cancer, characterized by a high incidence in late stages, high mortality rate, and poor prognosis. Src Homology 2 Domain Containing Protein 5 (SH2D5) is a mammalian-specific, uncharacterized scaffolding protein, and its role in LUAD remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the function and potential mechanisms of SH2D5 in the progression of LUAD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Reprod
January 2025
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
The bovine conceptus elongates near Day 16 of development and releases interferon-tau (IFNT), disrupting the endometrial luteolytic mechanism to sustain luteal P4 and pregnancy. Conceptus factors other than IFNT modify local endometrial activities to support pregnancy; however, the microenvironment is largely uncharacterized. We utilized a bovine conceptus-endometrial culture system to elucidate the microenvironment in the form of RNA and protein.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJCI Insight
January 2025
Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a drug resistant and lethal cancer. Identification of the genes that consistently show altered expression across patients' cohorts can expose effective therapeutic targets and strategies. To identify such genes, we separately analyzed five human PDAC microarray datasets.
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