Patient safety with orthognathic surgery in an outpatient setting.

Orthognathic surgery is traditionally performed in inpatient care. The question is whether patient safety is maintained when orthognathic surgery is performed in outpatient care. This retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate patient safety in selected single-jaw orthognathic surgeries performed in outpatient care compared to inpatient care. Postoperative infection, postoperative bleeding, postoperative pain, plate removal, and re-operation, as well as emergency visits/phone calls and postoperative admission during the first 12 months after surgery were recorded. Predictor variables were sex, age, smoking, general disease, antibiotics, operation type, and operation time. Of the 165 patients included, 58 were treated in inpatient care and 107 in outpatient care. No significant difference was found between the groups regarding postoperative bleeding, pain, plate removal, re-operation, or emergency visits/phone calls. Ninety-four percent of outpatients (n = 101) were able to leave the hospital on the day of surgery as planned. There was an increased risk of postoperative infection in the outpatient care group (odds ratio 2.46, P = 0.049). Selected single-jaw orthognathic surgery can be performed in the outpatient setting, with maintained patient safety. The reason for the increased risk of postoperative infection among patients operated in outpatient care should be investigated in further studies.