Introduction: The treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has evolved in recent decades, reaching an overall survival rate close to 90%. Currently, approximately 4% of patients with ALL die from secondary complications of chemotherapy. Among these complications, the most frequent is febrile neutropenia (FN). The treatment of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) is even more aggressive, being consequently related to a considerable amount of treatment-related toxicity with a high risk of severe infection and death.
Method: In order to reduce the infection-related risks in these groups of patients, systemic antibacterial prophylaxis has emerged as a possible approach.
Results: Antibiotic prophylaxis during neutropenia periods in those undergoing chemotherapy have .already been proven in adults with acute leukemias (ALs). Among the possible available therapeutic options for bacterial prophylaxis in children with cancer, fluoroquinolones emerged with the most amount of evidence. Within this class, levofloxacin became the best choice.
Conclusion: Therefore, the use of levofloxacin seems to be indicated in very specific situations: in children who are known to be neutropenic for a long time, secondary to intensive chemotherapy; in children with AL undergoing chemotherapy to induce remission; or in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This article aims to describe recent evidence focusing on antibiotic prophylaxis in children with ALs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.htct.2022.09.1279 | DOI Listing |
Objective: To assess treatment efficacy over one year in women with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) receiving extended treatment-strength antibiotics compared to standard low-dose prophylactic antibiotic regimens.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adult women presenting with acute uncomplicated UTI between January 1, 2018 and October 1, 2020 meeting recurrent UTI criteria (≥2 in 6 months or ≥3 in one year). Women were offered either: 1) treatment-strength antibiotic therapy for 1 month; or 2) up to 7 days of treatment-strength antibiotics followed by ≥3-months of low-dose prophylactic antibiotics.
Int J Retina Vitreous
December 2024
Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina Do ABC/FMABC, Santo André, Brazil.
Background: Intravitreal injections, a relatively recent treatment in ophthalmology, is being adopted rapidly worldwide and becoming one of the most common therapies in the field. Numerous complications are associated with this treatment, ranging from minor inflammatory ailments to endophthalmitis. We analyzed the conjunctival flora of patients treated with intravitreal injections and topical antibiotics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cardiothorac Surg
December 2024
King Fahad Medical City, Riyad, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Antibiotic resistance is a rapidly growing problem. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are major worries, particularly in developing nations where cost-effectiveness is essential. Use of vancomycin must be restricted to prevent resistant to it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Ophthalmol
December 2024
Department of Medicine - Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Purpose: the aim of the present study is to analyse the composition of the currently available topical antiseptic products and the related scientific evidence, and to discuss the implications of their use in the prevention of endophthtalmitis.
Methods: products available on the market until February 2024 were considered. Information provided on the illustration leaflet of each product were analysed.
Hand (N Y)
December 2024
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY, USA.
Background: Although it is well established that antibiotic prophylaxis is not needed in soft tissue upper extremity cases, there is still no definitive consensus when hardware implantation is involved. We hypothesize that antibiotic prophylaxis is not necessary and there is no difference in postoperative surgical site infection rates regardless of preoperative antibiotic administration.
Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on upper extremity surgical cases with hardware implantation performed at a single institution amongst 5 hand surgeons between November 2021 and November 2023.
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