The effects of overexpression of the thioredoxin-like protein CDSP32 (Trx CDSP32) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in tobacco leaves exposed to cadmium (Cd) were studied by combining physiological measures and proteomics technology. Thus, the number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in plants overexpressing the Trx CDSP32 gene in tobacco (OE) was observed to be evidently lower than that in wild-type (WT) tobacco under Cd exposure, especially the number of down-regulated DEPs. Cd exposure induced disordered ROS metabolism in tobacco leaves. Although Cd exposure inhibited the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and l-ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and the expression of proteins related to the thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin (Trx-Prx) pathway, the increase in the activities of peroxidase (POD), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and their protein expression levels played an important role in the physiological response to Cd exposure. Notably, Trx CDSP32 was observed to alleviate the decrease in the expression and activities of SOD and CAT caused by Cd exposure and enhance the function of POD. Trx CDSP32 was observed to increase the HO scavenging capacity of the ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and Trx-Prx pathway under Cd exposure, and it can especially regulate 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx) protein expression and thioredoxin peroxidase (TPX) activity. Thus, overexpression of the Trx CDSP32 gene can alleviate the oxidative damage that occurs in tobacco leaves under Cd exposure by modulating antioxidant defense systems.
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Article Synopsis
- Trx CDSP32 is a thioredoxin-like protein in chloroplasts that helps regulate photosynthesis and the redox state in plants, particularly under stress conditions like cadmium (Cd) exposure.
- Research on tobacco plants showed that Trx CDSP32 overexpression improves photosynthetic function and photoprotection by enhancing cyclic electron flow and energy dissipation, which helps adapt to Cd stress.
- In Trx CDSP32 overexpressing plants, key proteins involved in the xanthophyll cycle and electron transport showed increased expression, leading to reduced photoinhibition and improved resilience against Cd-induced damage.
Overexpression of Trx CDSP32 gene promotes chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthetic electron transfer and alleviates cadmium-induced photoinhibition of PSII and PSI in tobacco leaves.
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