Modulation of the immune response by the type-III secretion system.

is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause critical cellular damage and subvert the immune response to promote its survival. Among the numerous virulence factors of , the type III secretion system (T3SS) is involved in host cell pathogenicity. Using a needle-like structure, T3SS detects eukaryotic cells and injects toxins directly into their cytosol, thus highlighting its ability to interfere with the host immune response. In this mini-review, we discuss how the T3SS and bacterial effectors secreted by this pathway not only activate the immune response but can also manipulate it to promote the establishment of infections.