La Crosse Institute for Movement Science, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse; Department of Health Professions, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse.
Published: December 2022
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Background: Structure-specific loading may have implications in understanding the mechanisms of running related injury. As females demonstrate a prevalence of patellofemoral pain twice that of males, this may indicate differences in patellofemoral loads between males and females. Previous works investigating differences in patellofemoral joint stress have shown conflicting results, but the models employed have not used estimates of muscle forces or sex specific contact areas.
Hypothesis/purpose: The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in patellofemoral joint stress using an updated model to include estimates of quadriceps muscle force and sex-specific patellofemoral contact area.
Study Design: Descriptive Laboratory Study.
Methods: Forty-five healthy recreational runners ran at a controlled speed down a 20-meter runway. Kinetic and kinematic data were utilized to estimate muscle forces using static optimization. Quadriceps muscle force was utilized with sex-specific patellofemoral joint contact area in a two-dimensional patellofemoral joint model to estimate patellofemoral joint stress. Multivariate tests were utilized to detect sex differences in patellofemoral loading and hip and knee kinematics.
Results: No differences were found between sexes in measures of patellofemoral loading or quadriceps force. Females displayed a reduced knee extension moment and greater hip adduction and internal rotation than males.
Conclusion: The inclusion of static optimization to estimate quadriceps muscle force and sex-specific contact area of the patellofemoral joint did not reveal sex differences in patellofemoral joint stress, but differences in non-sagittal plane hip motion were detected. Therefore, two-dimensional patellofemoral models may not fully characterize differences in patellofemoral joint stress between males and females. Three-dimensional patellofemoral models may be necessary to determine if sex differences in patellofemoral joint stress exist.
Adhesions in the deep infrapatellar region may occur as iatrogenic complications (e.g., after bone-patellar tendon-bone grafting), as part of arthrofibrosis or infrapatellar contracture syndrome, or owing to specific diseases such as Osgood-Schlatter disease.
Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Île-de-France Ouest University, 177 Rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France. Electronic address:
Purpose: To determine in the long-term the rate of osteoarthritis of recession wedge trochleoplasty performed in patients with high-grade trochlear dysplasia and recurrent patellar dislocations. The hypothesis was that the rate of secondary osteoarthritis was low.
Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients (17 knees) undergoing a recession wedge trochleoplasty surgery for recurrent patellar dislocation were retrospectively included.
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine the benefits and harms of injury prevention programmes on anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
Background: Most running biomechanics studies have focused on either the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) or Achilles tendon (AT) alone, generating fragmented understanding of how these structures interact as components of an integrated kinetic chain during running. This study was to investigate concurrent biomechanical changes in the PFJ and AT in recreational runners.
Methods: The recreational runners who are accustomed to run with rearfoot strike (RFS, n = 15) and forefoot strike (FFS, n = 15) patterns were recruited.
Purpose Of Review: Patella alta, which describes an abnormally proximally positioned patella, has become of particular interest as it has been identified as a potential factor in patellofemoral instability (PFI) and other common pediatric orthopedic conditions. The purpose of this review is to describe the condition, measuring techniques, and its association with pediatric orthopedic conditions, and to evaluate methods of correction of patella alta.
Recent Findings: Recent literature has explored the etiology of patella alta by investigating patellar height as age increases, with inconclusive findings as to whether the condition is congenital or acquired over time.
