AI Article Synopsis
- - Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is linked to higher rates of substance use disorder (SUD) in young adults and is influenced by externalizing behaviors in childhood and substance use in adolescence.
- - A study involving 367 participants found significant associations: PCE led to increased externalizing behaviors at age 12 and substance use at age 15, both of which were connected to later SUD.
- - The findings suggest that PCE can heighten the risk of developing SUD, indicating the importance of early interventions for at-risk populations.
Article Abstract
Background: Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) has been associated with child and adolescent externalizing behaviors and early substance use, yet few studies investigated its association with substance use disorder (SUD) in emerging adults. The present study examined the association of PCE with SUD in emerging adulthood, and whether childhood externalizing behaviors and adolescent substance use mediated the relationship.
Methods: Participants were 367 (187 PCE; 53% female) adults at age 21, primarily urban African American who were recruited at birth. PCE and exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana were determined using biologic assays for drug metabolites and/or maternal self-report at birth. Offspring externalizing problems were assessed using the Youth Self-Report at age 12, substance use and substance use-related problems via biologic assays and/or self-report at age 15, and SUD determined using DSM-5 diagnostic criteria at age 21.
Results: About 32.3% of the emerging adults were determined to have marijuana use disorder, 30.3% tobacco use disorder, and 15.5% alcohol use disorder. PCE was related to greater externalizing behaviors at age 12 (β = 0.12, p = .042), which in turn was related to SUD (β = 0.22, p = .008). PCE was also related to substance use, mainly marijuana, at age 15 (β = 0.22, p = .011), which was related to SUD (β = 0.51, p < .001). Total indirect effects including these two pathways were significant (β = 0.19, p = .002).
Conclusions: PCE may increase risk for SUD in emerging adulthood through childhood externalizing behaviors and adolescent substance use.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772296 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109736 | DOI Listing |
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