In this study, a combined system with simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal was operated in continuous low oxygen aeration mode, and the effect of lower oxygen aeration (dissolved oxygen [DO] 0.5-1.5 mg/L) on its performance was examined. The combined system consisted of sludge and high-efficiency biological packing and was operated using four carbon/nitrogen ratios (C/N) with being 10:1, 8:1, 6:1, 10:1. Experimental results showed that the combined system could perform an efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal under low DO and C/N ratio of 8:1 condition, and removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH -N, and PO -P were 80.01%, 99.03%, and 89.51%, respectively. High-throughput analysis indicated that the functional species of denitrifying bacteria, including Ferruginibacter Azospira, Comamonas, Bacilli, Hyphomicrobium, Thauera, and Comamonadaceae, were important participants in biological nutrient removal. Meanwhile, Acinetobacter was enriched in the combined system, which contributed to phosphorus removal. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A combined system was operated firstly under continuous low oxygen condition. The lower dissolved oxygen (DO) of the combined system was maintained at 0.50-1.5 mg/L level. The combined system could realize simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal under C/N ratio of 8:1. Several functional bacteria were enriched in the coupled systems.
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