N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CDs) with polyaminobenzene hydrazine as precursor were prepared by solvothermal method for the monitoring of pH fluctuation in HeLa cells via fluorescence imaging. The N-CDs show two emission wavelengths at 582 and 640 nm under different pH with two excitation wavelengths. The fluorescence intensity at 640 nm (λ = 520 nm) and the ratio of F/F (λ = 470 nm) linearly increase with pH in the range of 2.4 ~ 3.6 (R = 992) and 5.6 ~ 7.6 (R = 0.987), respectively. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity and reversibility and anti-interference capability, thus enabling sensing pH change in intracellular environment in real time, as demonstrated by successful monitoring of intracellular pH fluctuation during HO stimulation in HeLa cells.
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