Semaglutide delays 4-hour gastric emptying in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 1.0 mg on the late digestive period of gastric emptying (GE) after ingestion of a standardized solid test meal by using technetium scintigraphy, the reference method for this purpose.

Methods: We conducted a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 20 obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS; mean [range] age 35 [32.3-40.8] years, body mass index 37 [30.7-39.8] kg/m ) randomized to subcutaneous semaglutide 1.0 mg once weekly or placebo for 12 weeks. GE was assessed after ingestion of [ c] colloid in a pancake labelled with radiopharmaceutical by scintigraphy using sequential static imaging and dynamic acquisition at baseline and at Week 13. Estimation of GE was obtained by repeated imaging of remaining [ c] activity at fixed time intervals over the course of 4 hours after ingestion.

Results: From baseline to the study end, semaglutide increased the estimated retention of gastric contents by 3.5% at 1 hour, 25.5% at 2 hours, 38.0% at 3 hours and 30.0% at 4 hours after ingestion of the radioactively labelled solid meal. Four hours after ingestion, semaglutide retained 37% of solid meal in the stomach compared to no gastric retention in the placebo group (P = 0.002). Time taken for half the radiolabelled meal to empty from the stomach was significantly longer in the semaglutide group than the placebo group (171 vs. 118 min; P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Semaglutide markedly delayed 4-hour GE in women with PCOS and obesity.