Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
No biodegradation methods are absolute in the treatment of all textile dyes, which leads to structure-dependent degradation. In this study, biodegradation of three azo dyes, reactive black 5 (RB5), acid blue 113 (AB113), and acid orange 7 (AO7), was investigated using an immobilized fungus, Trametes hirsuta D7. The degraded metabolites were identified using UPLC-PDA-FTICR MS and the biodegradation pathway followed was proposed. RB5 (92%) and AB113 (97%) were effectively degraded, whereas only 30% of AO7 was degraded. Molecular docking simulations were performed to determine the reason behind the poor degradation of AO7. Weak binding affinity, deficiency in H-bonding interactions, and the absence of interactions between the azo (-NN-) group and active residues of the model laccase enzyme were responsible for the low degradation efficiency of AO7. Furthermore, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays confirmed that the fungus-treated dye produced non-toxic metabolites. The observations of this study will be useful for understanding and further improving enzymatic dye biodegradation.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137505 | DOI Listing |
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