This paper describes the application of poly(ether-block-amide) polymers, so-called Pebax, in fused filament fabrication (FFF). Pebax is a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), a copolymer based on rigid polyamide and soft polyether blocks. By variation of the blocks, unique properties such as soft or rigid behaviour are tailored without additional additives and plasticisers. PebaxRnew polyamide blocks are bio-based and made from castor beans that allow the design of sustainable applications. In this study, two types of Pebax were selected, processing parameters were characterised, filaments were extruded and applied to FFF printing, and the final mechanical characteristics were determined. Both types were suitable for FFF processing with improved process stability due to less shear thinning and good mechanical performance. The connection strength between the grades was also described in the design context for complex parts with tailored soft or hard regions. Combining the two materials in one design is a promising concept, and the adhesion strength is close to the strength in the Z-direction of the flexible PebaxRnew35R53 grade.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235092 | DOI Listing |
Materials (Basel)
January 2025
Faculty of Furniture Design and Wood Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, B-dul Eroilor, nr. 29, 500036 Brasov, Romania.
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December 2024
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
This study explores the application of materials used in 3D printing to manufacture the housings of non-invasive sensors employed in measurements using a TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) meter. The research investigates whether sensors designed with 3D printing technology can serve as viable alternatives to conventional invasive and non-invasive sensors. This study focuses on innovative approaches to designing humidity sensors, utilizing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology to create housings for non-invasive sensors compatible with TDR devices.
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December 2024
Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Nöthnitzer Straße 44, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
Using a newly developed tool head with an additional rotational axis and a wire feed, wires can be directly processed in the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. Thus, electrical structures such as conductive paths, coils, heating elements, or sensors can be integrated into polymer parts. However, the accuracy of the wire deposition in curved sections of the print track is insufficient.
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January 2025
Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Barcelona School of Industrial Engineering (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Artificial neural network (ANN) models have been used in the past to model surface roughness in manufacturing processes. Specifically, different parameters influence surface roughness in fused filament fabrication (FFF) processes. In addition, the characteristics of the networks have a direct impact on the performance of the models.
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December 2024
Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
The popularity of 3D printing technology is rapidly increasing worldwide. It can be applied to metals, ceramics, composites, hybrids, and polymers. Three-dimensional printing has the potential to replace conventional manufacturing technologies because it is cost effective and environmentally friendly.
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