DNA Barcoding and Morphometry Reveal Further Cryptic Bio-Diversity within the Pin Nematode Genus (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae).

species are obligate ectoparasitic nematodes on cultivated and wild herbaceous and woody plants occupying numerous soil categories. Several species may cause damage to several crops (. , , , and on carnation, lettuce, rose and walnut, respectively). This investigation proves and emphasizes the relevance of applying integrative taxonomy for the accurate detection of species in mountainous wild environments in the Malaga province, Southern Spain. This research analyzed 45 soil samples of maritimus pine and one of green heather in southern Spain and identified fourteen species, two of them are described herein as new species ( sp. nov., sp. nov.), six of them were first reports for Spain (, , , , sp. 2 SAS, and ), and six species (, , , , , and ) have been already reported in Spain. Accordingly, these data increase the biodiversity of pin nematodes in Spain comprising a total of 47 species (33.1% out of 142 total species of this genus). Phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal and mitochondrial markers (D2-D3, ITS, and partial COI) resulted in a consistent position for the newly described species in this study ( sp. nov., sp. nov.). sp. nov. grouped in a separated subclade as unequivocal species from the -complex species (including and ), and sp. nov. clustered with , but clearly separate from this species. This study indicates that species diversity in natural environments may be higher than expected, and this study may help in accurate identifications.